This was effected in 1985, changing Greenland to an OCT ( Overseas Countries and Territories) associated with the EEC, now the European Union (EU). However, in a referendum in 1982, a majority of the population voted for Greenland to withdraw from the EEC. In 1973, Greenland joined the European Economic Community (EEC) with Denmark.
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From 1961 Greenland joined the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), which Denmark joined as a founding member of the EFTA in 1960, but its membership ceased with effect from 1973 when Denmark joined the European Communities. With the Constitution of 1953, the people in Greenland became citizens of Denmark. Greenland became Danish in 1814 and was fully integrated in the Danish state in 1953 under the Constitution of Denmark. Because of Norway's weak status, it lost sovereignty over Greenland in 1814 when the union was dissolved. To strengthen trading and power, Denmark–Norway affirmed sovereignty over the island. In the early 17th century, Danish explorers reached Greenland again. Soon after their demise, beginning in 1499, the Portuguese briefly explored and claimed the island, naming it Terra do Lavrador (later applied to Labrador in Canada). The Norse colonies disappeared in the late 15th century after Norway was hit by the Black Death and entered a severe decline. Though under continuous influence of Norway and Norwegians, Greenland was not formally under the Norwegian crown until 1261. Inuit peoples arrived in the 13th century. These Norsemen later set sail from Greenland and Iceland, with Leif Erikson becoming the first known European to reach North America nearly 500 years before Columbus reached the Caribbean islands. Norsemen settled the uninhabited southern part of Greenland beginning in the 10th century, having previously settled Iceland.
Greenland has been inhabited at intervals over at least the last 4,500 years by Arctic peoples whose forebears migrated there from what is now Canada. The Arctic Umiaq Line ferry acts as a lifeline for western Greenland, connecting the various cities and settlements. About a third of the population lives in Nuuk, the capital and largest city the second-largest city in terms of population is Sisimiut, 320 km (200 mi) north of Nuuk. With a population of 56,081 (2020), it is the least densely populated region in the world. Three-quarters of Greenland is covered by the only permanent ice sheet outside of Antarctica. Today, the population is concentrated mainly on the southwest coast, while the rest of the island is sparsely populated. The majority of its residents are Inuit, whose ancestors migrated from Alaska through Northern Canada, gradually settling across the island by the 13th century. Though physiographically a part of the continent of North America, Greenland has been politically and culturally associated with Europe (specifically Norway and Denmark, the colonial powers) for more than a millennium, beginning in 986. Thule Air Base is also unincorporated, an enclave within Avannaata municipality administered by the United States Space Force. The northeast of the island composes the unincorporated Northeast Greenland National Park. Greenland is divided into five municipalities: Sermersooq, Kujalleq, Qeqqata, Qeqertalik and Avannaata. Greenland is the world's largest island, it is one of the three constituent countries that form the Kingdom of Denmark, along with Denmark and the Faroe Islands the citizens of these countries are all Danish nationals. It is located between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Greenland ( Greenlandic: Kalaallit Nunaat, pronounced Danish: Grønland, pronounced ) is an island country part of the Kingdom of Denmark.
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